The Spanish Civil War

“Fortune is not a train which passes every day at the same time.  She is a prostitute who offers herself fleetingly and then passes on to others.”  Ciano

 The more I read about this, the more fascinated I got with it, starting with Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia.  Orwell has a fantastically mellow way of describing everything, articulating facts in an amused manner.  What he experienced and saw there in Spain gave him a perpetual WTF kind of mood.  This led me to read another book, considerably more detailed, titled simply The Spanish Civil War, by Hugh Thomas.

 Background.  Spain 1936.  The situation was majorly screwed up.  The government was nominally capitalist/democratic, with large substantial socialist and communist segments, and an anarchist movement lurking outside on the far left, mainly concentrated in Barcelona.  The right-wing elements did poorly in the elections, and a major right-winger, Jose Calvo Sotelo, was murdered.  The left-wing elements, particularly the anarchists, threatened revolution. No one was happy, but someone decided to do something about it.  In July 1936, starting in Morocco, a military rebellion broke out.  The government was republican/democratic/capitalist, whereas the rebels were fascist/nationalist. 

 The Fascists.  Led by General Francisco Franco, supported by Italy and Nazi Germany.  Franco’s rebellion started in the colonies (Morocco and Canary Islands) and quickly spread to Spain itself.  Franco had the Army and the Foreign Legion, while the Navy and Air Force (such as they were) remained loyal to the government.

            The Church supported Franco’s movement.  Although there was considerable friction and disagreement between the Falangists (fascists) and the Carlists (monarchists), ultimately Franco was able to sort everything out, “and in the darkness, bind them” – a Nationalist Spanish Sauron.

            Militarily, the fascists had several elements.  The most substantial were the Moroccan and Spanish Foreign Legion forces, which were the Spanish units of any real value and combat experience.  Initially they were stuck in Morocco due to an effective blockade by loyalist naval units.  However, soon after, the Germans provided Ju-52 transport planes which allowed most of Franco’s armies to be airlifted to mainland Spain.  Hitler remarked that Franco should build a Ju-52 memorial to recognize the value of these planes to his rebellion.

            Other elements were Falangist and Carlist volunteers, who were not regular military units.  Italy provided several Blackshirt and one regular Italian Army unit; Mussolini wanted to both give his armies some combat experience but also some glory.  Ironically, not only did these units perform poorly, they also embarrassed Mussolini AND ended up in combat against the Garibaldi Brigade, which was a unit of communist Italian volunteers fighting for the government; it seems the “volunteers” sent by Mussolini weren’t exactly volunteers, many of them were told they were being sent to Abyssinia.  Note also: there was a unit of Irish fascists fighting for the nationalists, which also – completely by accident – ended up in combat against International Brigades featuring English and Irish volunteers, in some cases against men who knew each other from WWI or the 1916 Rebellion (e.g. IRA forces).  Germany sent Panzer I’s, the Condor Legion, and various advisors, but no actual military units; Hitler was basically scheming to get maximum results from a minimal investment, hoping to tie down and distract the English, French and Russians in this backwater zone while he focused his real attention on Austria and Czechoslovakia.    

 Republican/Loyalist side.  This was considerably more confusing, as there were various forces momentarily allied with each other but working at cross purposes, sometimes with more antagonism and violence among each other than against the fascists.  The “center” bourgeois capitalist was squeezed out, really having no place on either side of the battle.  The CEDA (Confederacion Espanhola de Derechas Autonomas), under Gil Robles, was the closest to a center-right party, but this was dissolved in 1937 and Robles went into exile after the war.

 P.S.U.C. (Partido Socialista Unificado de Catalunha). This was the Socialist Party of Catalonia.

PCE (Partido Communista Espanha) Spanish Communist Party.  In Moscow it was determined that Spain was not quite ripe for a proletarian revolution, it being still in feudalism.  So what it needed was to move to capitalist democracy….so…the Communist line was to oppose revolution and support the government.  Indeed, they argued that fighting for revolution only strengthens the fascists, so any revolutionaries are in fact…fascist!  After some initial shipments of French aircraft from France – on the sly, because Leon Blum sympathized with the leftist Spanish government but didn’t want to antagonize the British, who were in favor of Franco - the major outside power supplying arms to the Loyalist/Republican side was the USSR, and it was only supporting the PSUC.  Stalin took most of Spain’s gold as “credit” for the planes, tanks, and machine guns, plus the pilots and advisors he sent.  The communists were the #1 factor on the “loyalist” side.  Indeed, the war was very much an ideological battle between the forces of fascism vs. socialism – with the bourgeois middle class almost nonexistent on the political map.

            The communists spent more time hunting down political rivals – socialists, non-Stalinist communists (aka “Trotskyists”) and anarchists – than they did fighting fascists.  They were ruthless, opportunist, and also making profits on the arms deals.  Stalin sold all the weapons to the government at full market value (as much as anything produced by a communist dictatorship has a value) and not simply at cost. 

            The communists also were trying to take over most of the military units and dictate most of the government’s policies, virtually turning Republican Spain into a Soviet puppet.  Many in the government, e.g. Azana, Negrin, Largo Caballero, and Prieto, would have liked to distance Spain from Russia and secure arms from England or the US, but Stalin had Spain’s gold supply.  Moreover, despite substantial public opinion in the US and UK in favor of the government and against the fascists, the US and UK governments were at best neutral (US) and at worst sympathetic to Franco (UK), and in any case were politically committed to nonintervention – however much of a farce “nonintervention” was, in reality, with Germany’s Condor Legion over the skies, Italian Black Shirt troops on the ground, and Russian planes, pilots, tanks, and military advisors in Spain.  Britain had substantial mining interests in Spain which could conceivably be – and often were – diverted to the Germans depending on the success of the fascists, so the British government had a substantial stake in hoping for Franco’s victory.  Texas oil companies were selling oil to Franco on credit, a deal which would be ruined if Franco lost.  Finally, FDR was concerned about alienating Catholic voters, who tended to support Franco.

 UGT (Union General de Trabaladores).  This was the socialist trade union.

CNT.  This was the anarchist trade union.  Its political side was the FAI (Federacion Anarquista Iberica).

 P.O.U.M. (Partido Obrero de Unificacion Marxista) This was the non-Stalinist Marxist party, also referred to as Trotskyist – although Trotsky himself denounced the POUM.  Opposed to the PSUC, the POUM decided that Spain was ripe for proletarian revolution and fought to achieve that.  Their concern was, “suppose we defeat the Fascists but keep capitalism anyway – why did we fight this war?  What’s the difference?  What’s the point in fighting the fascists if we aren’t going to have a worker’s society when this is all over?”  This put it at odds with the PSUC.  Orwell, along with many other volunteers who didn’t have explicit communist party backing from back home, ended up in this group.  Eventually the communists blacklisted the POUM and hunted down its members.  It reached the point of street fighting in Barcelona in May 1937, as described by Orwell.  As mentioned earlier, this side of the war had as much problem fighting among themselves as they did with the fascists, who ultimately managed to get their asses in gear under Franco.

 Anarchists.  This group was loosely allied with the POUM as it also wanted a revolution.  I always wondered why anarchists, who advocate no government – a decentralized economy where businesses are run by the workers themselves and no central authority to control, dominate, or exploit the workers – should ally themselves with socialists, who advocate even greater government (a dictatorship of the proletariat at least, if not nationalization and regulation of large parts of the economy, with the means of production in the hands of the government, ostensibly as a representative of the working class).  In essence, anarchists wish to leapfrog from capitalism to communism without going through socialism, and are true communists in the truest meaning – and the socialists were really those out for power for its own sake. 

            On the other hand the anarchists, by their nature, were difficult to control, so they basically did as they pleased, which sometimes devolved into little more than banditry.  Plus they had the perpetual dilemma of whether to acknowledge and support “the government” or to remain independent and a loose cannon, which the communists complained worked to weaken their side and play into the hands of the fascists.  Indeed, it was the unruliness of the anarchists vs. the excellent organization (if somewhat ruthless and intolerant) of the communists which persuaded many from various parts of the political spectrum to support the latter, even without understanding Marx or caring much for Stalin. 

 Catalan & Basque separatists.  It didn’t help the republican cause that in Catalonia (northeastern region near Barcelona) and in Basque territory (up near the French border) there was a substantial movement for independence from Madrid’s control and from Spain itself.  This managed to complicate matters dramatically without providing any tangible benefits for the separatists. 

 International Brigades.  Non-Spanish volunteer units fighting on the government’s side.  Exiled German and Italian communists joined these, along with French, Belgians, Americans (e.g. Abraham Lincoln Brigade) and English.  Some had WWI combat experience, others were just poets, writers, and other “fellow travelers”.  Anarchist units had, as can be imagined, difficulties with discipline issues, whereas the communists were often admired for their organization and discipline.  The Russians provided substantial advisors, even leaders, to these units and most of the tanks and weapons.  It was the International Brigades, led by General Miaja, who saved Madrid from the fascists in November 1936.

 Notables

There was actually another Spanish Civil War, in 1820-23, but one we usually think of is this one, from 1936-39.  Likewise, Spain had a military dictatorship in 1923-30 under Primo de Rivera, and his son Jose Antonio was a prominent member of the fascist elite. However, his son was imprisoned immediately after the rebellion broke out by the republicans, and was eventually executed. 

“Fifth Column”.  This expression was introduced into the language by nationalist General Mola, leading four columns of nationalist armies against the capital, Madrid, then held by the government/republicans.  He bragged that a “fifth column” of secret nationalist supporters in the city would aid their attack.  As it was, Madrid was attacked in November 1936, but General Miaja managed to rally the International Brigades into an effective defense of the city against the nationalists.  The city remained under siege and only fell when the whole war collapsed in March 1939.  With any civil war, duplicity and treachery were inevitable, so the government had a legitimate concern about such “fifth columnists”, but the communists tended to use this excuse to rid themselves of political rivals, e.g. POUM and anarchist forces with no known connection to the fascists.

“Molotov Cocktails”.  Glass bottles of gasoline with a burning rag tied around it.  Reportedly first used on October 29, 1936, by nationalist legionaires against the Russian T-26 tanks provided by Stalin to the government forces.

Guernica.  Bombed by the Condor Legion, and famously memoralized by the painting by Picasso.  Much of the civilian bombing was an experiment to see the reaction and results, but it’s unclear those results were clear enough to warrant continuing the policy in WWII against London.  Indeed, the public outcry against the bombing was so severe, that any tactical advantage on the ground was far exceeded by the political repercussions abroad.  The Germans had to backpedal and make up nonsense about trying to bomb the bridges or Basque explosives going off on their own. 

The German MG-34 machine gun and “88” anti-aircraft gun were first used in Spain.

Tanks.  The Germans provided Panzer I’s to the nationalists, of minor effectiveness due to being armed only with machine guns.  The Italians provided their own typically undersized, underarmored mini-tanks.  For the loyalist side, the Russians provided the T-26, which had stronger armor and a 40mm gun, and totally outclassed the Panzer Is and Italian “tanks”; though the nationalists were able to get their hands on some of these themselves by capturing them or offering bounties for their defection.

            The Germans, through Van Thoma, tried to experiment with massed tank attacks in Spain as a proving ground for their theories as articulated by Liddell-Hart and Guderian.  Unfortately they really didn’t have enough tanks to make this practical, but at least they realized this.  The Soviets went back convinced that the earlier “spread them out among infantry units” tactics were still valid, much to their detriment in the early days of Operation Barbarossa.

Air power.  The Spanish air force had been nothing to write about before the war, so neither side really had any meaningful air power when the rebellion broke out in July 1936.  The French provided some aircraft to the government early in the war, then the Russians took over this responsibility.  On the fascist side, the Italians and Germans supplied aircraft and many pilots, the latter being the famous Condor Legion.  The Russian planes proved to be competitive with the Italian planes, and to some extent the Me-109, which made its debut in Spain.  The Condor Legion featured such stars as the Me-109, the Ju-52, and the brand new Heinkel He-111 bomber, which participated in the Guernica bombing. 

For Whom The Bell Tolls.  This is Hemingway’s novel set in the war, in 1937, and made into a movie with Gary Cooper as the main character, Robert Jordan, and Ingrid Berman as his love interest, Maria.  Not being a big fan of Hemingway, the way I am with Orwell, I simply watched the movie.  Jordan is sort of an independent contractor working for the Republicans, and his assignment (“Mission: Impossible” theme plays here) is to blow up a bridge immediately before a Republican offensive so that the fascists are unable to send reinforcements.  He has to earn the trust of a band of irregulars, including Maria – who had her head shaved and was otherwise inconvenienced by a band of fascists who took over her town and murdered her parents – and Pilar, an older women jealous of Maria’s youth and beauty and who has an obnoxiously aggressive and cynical attitude.  The playoff character is her husband Pablo, who is now a drunken coward, resentful of the “Ingles” (English – Jordan) who comes by recruiting his own band for this bridge job.  Surely, when the bridge is blown, the fascists will come looking for the culprits, and he doesn’t want to risk his neck.   I found the movie long (3 hours) but suitably chock full of the various ingredients for a Spanish Civil War story: ragtag Republicans, some communist Republicans, and fascists with Spanish style uniforms but German helmets and weapons.  Of course the Spanish ask Jordan why he’s fighting a war far from his own country, in which he personally has nothing at stake.  Remind me how many Spanish units fought in the US Civil War.

Civil guards.  These were the hated local police in various towns, with their distinctive two-corner hats and green uniforms.  In republican sectors they often ended up lined against the wall by the irate locals.  These are not to be confused with the Assault Guards, who were the urban equivalents, and wore blue uniforms.  Most of the civil guards joined the fascists, while the assault guards mostly remained loyal to the government.  To make matters a little more confusing, the Falangists, Spain’s fascists, wore blue shirts, similar to Mussolini’s Black Shirts and Hitler’s Brown Shirts (SA). 

Progress.  In July 1936, rebellion broke out in various Spanish cities.  Depending on who chose which sides, the fascist rebels had various degrees of success across the country, which split up into rebel/fascist and loyalist/republican sectors.  For the time being, most of Franco’s forces were stuck in Morocco, with the republican navy sufficiently strong relative to the rebel naval forces to prevent a seaborne invasion of mainland Spain.  In each side’s sectors, the “wrong” people were either thrown in jail or shot.  In nationalist won sectors, these were socialists, communists, and anarchists.  In republican sectors, these were not only rebel officers, but also monarchists, Falangists, and also priests – and eventually anarchists and non-Stalinist communists (e.g. the POUM).  In republican areas, churches were burned, looted, and destroyed.  This was particularly bad wherever anarchists were prevalent.

            Eventually Franco’s reps in Germany managed to persuade the Nazis to loan them enough Ju52s to airlift the Moroccan forces to mainland Spain.  This airlifted nationalist force drove up the Portuguese border to the northern coast.  Madrid was besieged but not captured until the final collapse, thanks to a heroic defense of the city by General Miaja and the International Brigades in November 1936. In September-October 1937, the northern pocket of government resistance – in the Basque area close to France – was wiped out.

            The nationalists finally got their battleship online, the republican navy cowered in port in Cartagena, the Germans and Italians lent their own navies to assist the nationalists, while the Royal Navy – much to the embarrassment of many British politicians – avoided any kind of confrontation.  Thus what had been a republican blockade turned into a nationalist blockade.

            From March to July, 1938, the nationalists drove southeast and reached the Mediterranean, cutting off Barcelona (northeast pocket, Catalonia) from Valencia, which is where the government moved the capital once Madrid fell under siege, though the government had various expedients, by air and sea, by which to lessen the impact of this otherwise strategic defeat.  Various republican attacks initially surprised the nationalists in local sectors, but eventually Franco transferred troops from other sectors, took back the lost territory, so the republicans were left with heavy casualties they could ill afford, but no permanent gains.

            From December 1938 to February 1939, the nationalists followed up their earlier successes with a knockout blow to Catalonia, sweeping across to the French border and taking Barcelona without a fight.  By this point France and England recognized Franco’s regime as the legitimate government of Spain, and their acquiescence in 1938 with Hitler over Czechoslovakia made it clear to the republic that they could expect no real help from the democracies, who were willing to accept almost anything from Hitler and Mussolini just to avoid a war.  For his part, Stalin was also unwilling to do enough to ensure a republican victory.  Not only was he unwilling to risk a war over Spain, he was pissed that the British and French didn’t include him in the Munich peace talks and was convinced that dealing with Germany was far more worthwhile.

            Although the remaining republican forces in southeastern Spain, including Madrid, were substantial, the writing was on the wall – a threshold, tipping point was reached.  The Soviet advisors packed up and left while they still could, and the half the remaining Spanish officers either left or started making deals with Franco – or had been “Fifth Columnists” all along, most notably Colonel Casado.  By the end of March, Franco’s forces swept across the rest of Spain, with what was left of the republican army either melting away into civilian clothes or switching sides by entire units, many of their commanding officers having either been Fifth Columnists or simply persuaded by Casado to switch sides.  Large numbers of refugees had crossed over into France in huge camps, whereas the most prominent leftist politicians had fled out of Spain. 

            At this point Franco focused on rounding up his enemies who couldn’t make it out of Spain, the reprisals lasting well into the 40s.  Oddly, the leftists who went back to Russia ended up being wiped out by Stalin; having solid revolutionary credentials is often as much a liability as an asset, as it makes you a potential rival and thus a target for purges.  During WWII, Spain remained neutral, mostly out of fear of the French and British.  Franco did send troops to the Eastern Front, the Blue Division.  When it came time for Franco to pay up to the Germans what they owed, Hitler remarked that Franco made him “feel like a Jew”.

            In 1975, Franco died, and eventually Spain became a democracy for the first time since 1936.  The lasting legacies of the war were not only this regime which lasted almost 40 years, but also Germany’s blitzkrieg in the early parts of WWII.  It also served to uncover, for an earlier generation of socialists, communists, and anarchists not only the dangers of fascism but the ruthless opportunism of many on their own side, particularly in Russia – George Orwell being the most notable example to expose his discoveries not only in Homage to Catalonia, but also 1984. 

One Million Dead, by Jose Maria Girondella.  After having digested the lengthy and verbosely detailed The Spanish Civil War, by Hugh Thomas, and endured the dull and not particularly exciting movie adaptation of Hemingway’s “For Whom The Bell Tolls” (see above), I delved into this 668 page novel.  Unlike the latter, which only focuses on Jordan and a modest array of pro-Republican characters – all the Fascists are unknown extras only encountered at the very end – this gives almost equal time and sympathy to characters from both sides, as well as a wide array of historical characters, with the notable exception of Franco himself. 

            The main focus is on the Alvears, a family from Gerona, a town in Catalonia somewhere between Barcelona and the French border in northeastern Spain.  Their son Cesar, a seminarian, has been shot by the Reds at the very beginning of the story.  His brother Ignacio goes to Barcelona, then Madrid, crossing the lines there and finally joining a ski unit of the nationalist forces.  He romances Marta and Ana Maria.  His cousins in the nationalist zone end up victims of the Fascists.  Others include International Brigade characters, anarchists, communists, priests, Falangists, Russians, Germans (Nazis), Italians (a fascist delegate and a black shirt soldier), foreign journalists (Fanny and Bolen), and a few who find themselves not particularly disposed to one side or the other.  The story follows the characters throughout the war, from July 1936 through April 1939.  I found that it paralleled the non-fiction book very well, but giving a perspective from the ground, from the eyes of individual characters, so much so that perhaps someone else could forgo the non-fiction book in favor of this one alone and still come out with an excellent knowledge and understanding of the war.

            Three small portions I feel are worth reciting:

            1.  At the beginning of the story, Ignacio goes to the local cemetery in Gerona to find and identify his brother Cesar, who they believe – correctly – has been shot by the Reds.  Others are there for the same purpose.  One woman finds her husband’s body, with a note written in his handwriting in his pocket, addressed to her, “we’ll see each other in heaven.”

            2.  In Gerona, which was under communist control until the end of the war, many bourgeois and landowners were held in the prison, and occasionally “taken for a walk”, the slang word meaning taken out to be shot, almost at random.  The prisoners knew they were under a death sentence.  One landowner was taken out by car, with three communist militiamen.  When they reached a militia checkpoint, the victim – who knew exactly what was in store for him – opened the window and yelled, “Hey!  We’re Fascists!  Long live Franco!”, which led the checkpoint guards to open fire on the car, killing not only him, but also the driver, and wounding the two others. 

            3. The Alvears back in Gerona decide to adopt Eloy, a small boy who was orphaned when his parents were killed in the Condor Legion air raid on Guernica.  He seems happy enough in his new home, but when the air raid siren goes off, the poor boy panics and screams, and his new foster parents have to comfort him.

Alan Moore

I mentioned The Watchmen in my blog about “Dark Knight”.  I’m not a big comic book fan, but I make an exception for Alan Moore – somehow his work is compelling, even if it is, sometimes, pretentious.  He’s done tons of stuff, but by far his most popular – and the only stuff I’m familiar with (!) – is listed below.

 The Watchmen (artwork: Dave Gibbons).  Of course, we have the plot by now, but for those of you who neither saw the movie nor read the graphic novel, which supposedly started this whole thing:  Dr Manhattan, the big blue naked guy, is virtually omnipotent, but he’s so intelligent that sometimes he’s a little clueless.  He’s so far above us all that he has trouble relating to us or talking to us as equals.  Thanks to his work in Indochina, the US won the Vietnam War, and Nixon was able to weasel 5 terms, so he’s still President in 1985, which is when the story takes place.  Another superhero, the arch-cynical Comedian, is killed, and his comrade Rorschach takes it upon himself to find out what’s really going on.  Ultimately they uncover a huge plot by Ozymandias – sort of Batman’s Bruce Wayne without the Batman part, and without Wayne’s high moral standards  – to solve the Cold War at the cost of several million lives and framing Dr. Manhattan.  Along the way, Silk Spectre – the token super hot superheroine, and daughter of the original Silk Spectre from WWII – and Nite Owl, himself a 2^nd generation Nite Owl – the nerdy but wealthy Batman type – hook up and help out Rorschach. This is one story where you’re unsure to be amazed and impressed with its complexity or disgusted by its sheer cynicism and weight.  It’s certainly different.

 V for Vendetta (artwork: David Lloyd).  Also turned into a movie, with Hugo Weaving (Elrond from Peter Jackson’s Lord of the Rings, and the computer nemesis from the Matrix movies) behind the Guy Fawkes mask and Natalie Portman as the girl.  This takes place in the distant future, where England is now a totalitarian dictatorship, very reminiscent of Orwell’s 1984.  One lone rebel, known only as V, and perpetually wearing a Guy Fawkes mask, takes on the hapless regime, with a surprising amount of success.  We don’t know who he is (or even if it is a “he”) but have some clue that this person survived torture and other atrocities at one of the regime’s concentration camps.  In some ways it actually seems like a sequel to 1984 – what if, instead of the hapless Winston, we actually had someone who had the guts and the intelligence to pull off an underground war, by himself, against the state.  Certainly Jon Hurt didn’t seem like that guy.

 The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (artwork: Kevin O’Neill).  Yes, turned into a movie, with Sean Connery as Allan Quartermain (H. Rider Haggard).  Moore basically picks famous, notable fictional characters from popular American and English literature, slams them together as superheroes, then sets them off on various sophisticated adventures.  The other heroes are The invisible Man (H.G. Wells), Dr. Jeckyll/Mr. Hyde (Robert Louis Stevenson), Captain Nemo (Jules Verne), and Wilhelmina Murray (Bram Stoker).  The villains were first Professor Moriarty (Arthur Conan Doyle’s nemesis to Sherlock Holmes, who himself is absent) then H.G. Wells’ Martians from War of the Worlds.    

 Lost Girls (artwork: Melinda Gebbie).  I’m still waiting for the movie of this one, which is probably not going to happen.  Alice in Wonderland, Wendy (from Peter Pan), and Dorothy (from Wizard of Oz) find themselves together in a hotel somewhere in Europe (Austria?) in the spring of 1914, just before WWI is about to explode.  Alice, by this time, is an older, mature woman, Wendy is older but unhappily married (frustrated, as we can imagine), and Dorothy is still young and single, but has a boyfriend.  There is LOTS of sex here: 50% lesbian, 40% heterosexual (though some of that is incestuous) and 10% gay.  The artwork, as done by Gebbie, is meant to imitate a children’s book of the turn of the century, though clearly the content is well beyond any children’s book.  This was borderline erotic vs. interesting.

 Of course, Alan Moore, who is a big Simpsons fan, appeared as himself in a 2007 episode.  Funny, though – none of his stuff has been made into an animated film, it’s all been live action.  Perhaps Lost Girls can fill this role.

Bootlegs

“I bought a Deep Purple bootleg in Germany and it cost me a fiver, so they’re making money out of me.”  Roger Glover.

 I saw the Grateful Dead at the Verizon Center in DC on April 14, 2009.  Their website indicates that the band will be recording the show to be made available as a download thereafter, making taping a Dead show, formerly ubiquitous, now obsolete.  Of course with the Dead, “bootleg” is almost redundant.  The amount of live material out there in various forms far exceeds the official studio recordings.  Since so much of the music they play live is improvised and not to be found on any studio album – including many covers – really the studio albums are just the tip of the iceberg.

 Let’s face it: for the die hard fans (the “1%-ers” as the Blue Cheer crowd calls themselves), the unattainable ideal is that literally every single concert the band has ever done, from university campuses, outdoor festivals, arenas, clubs, Woodstock, Altamont, etc. should be recorded, no matter how poorly the band was playing, or how bad the acoustics, or how Jerry was feeling that night, etc.  The mark of a die hard fan is to be able to identify “off nights” vs. “great shows” – but I always got the impression that Garcia was much harder on himself and his bandmates (e.g. his story of throwing Phil Lesh down the stairs for a performance which ended up on Anthem of the Sun) than the fans.  I came into the Dead far too late to consider myself any sort of expert on this, or even a Deadhead.  Ok, drifting here.  In theory you’d want to get all the shows, particularly for this band which plays so much which is not on albums.

 The quality of bootlegs varies considerably.  In fact, for a long time I resisted them for that reason.  I had several Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin bootlegs I ignored because the sound quality was so atrocious.  I eventually listened to them, and found that after a few minutes my brain filters out the noise and leaves me listening to the music, but it takes some time to get used to.

 King Crimson decided to co-opt the bootleg industry by releasing as many live recordings as they could lay their hands on, through their “King Crimson Collector Club” series, which is now up to 40 releases.  The sound quality varies, as it always does on bootlegs, but you hear many songs as works-in-progress, played before the albums they were released on as studio tracks – or a track may be listed under another name. 

 No matter how many live albums a band puts out, they will never put out enough to satisfy the fans.  So what draws us to bootlegs?

 1.  Songs which aren’t on any studio album.  The Grateful Dead and King Crimson are notorious for this.

 2.  Covers which don’t show up on studio albums.  I’m always intrigued to hear a famous band – with more than enough material of their own - play covers and put their own mark on the song.  Again, early on, King Crimson would play Holst’s “Mars”, but it’s never shown up on any studio album they’ve done.  Likewise “Sucking My Love”, my favorite Diamond Head song, only appears in Metallica format in a bootleg of the same name. 

 3.  Rare songs that the band almost never plays live.  “Trapped Under Ice” (Metallica) and “Into the Fire” (Deep Purple) only show up on bootlegs; and “Wheels of Confusion” (Black Sabbath) only shows up on the Hollywood Bowl bootleg. In some cases the bootleg may be of the ONLY show at which a song was ever played live.  For the Grateful Dead, the so-called “DeadBase” is the manual to determine which song was played when and where, if ever.

 4.  Guest stars.  At the Verizon Center, Tipper Gore was playing drums with the Dead.  I have a bootleg of the Beach Boys playing with the Dead, which includes “I Get Around” and “Good Vibrations” (Fillmore East 4/27/71). 

 5.  Weird stuff.  On a King Crimson bootleg, the band goes off on a brief tribute to Monty Python (mimicking the inarticulate grunting lowlives who periodically show up in “Flying Circus” episodes).  In another one, Robert Fripp apologizes to “those of you whose conversations we’re interrupting.” 

 Maybe deliberate attempts at humor don’t qualify as “weird stuff”, but certainly they add some charm and value to the bootlegs, and further explain the attraction fans have for this part of music. 

 Sources.  In the old days, it was trading tapes.  Sometimes we went into Greenwich Village in New York City, where we could find bootlegs on tape and CD – including “Rockin’ in the Parlour”/”Can I Sit Next To You Girl”, the AC/DC single with Dave Evans – the singer before Bon Scott - on vocals.  Eventually the Internet came along, which dramatically improved the ability to trade MP3s, through LimeWire, Bearshare, and of course, Napster.  [Nowadays, 2021, it’s eBay where I find them.]  Eventually bands themselves (e.g. King Crimson and Pearl Jam) jumped on the bandwagon, so to speak, and began selling music directly to the fans.

More Lawyers....

By now I’ve been to court dozens of times and seen dozens of lawyers.

 Standard Issue.  Myself and 95% of the other lawyers: we wear the “uniform” of a conservative suit – not too old or worn, not too fancy – with a standard tie and standard shoes.  Black, dark blue, dark grey, brown, grey, light grey, or camel.  We’re indistinguishable from each other – perhaps we should wear names and numbers like athletes.

 Slob.  Every now and then you see this type, more often than not overweight.  His tie is loose, he may be wearing sneakers with his suit, or just a blazer and Dockers.  He has an arrogant casualness, but that doesn’t mean he necessarily knows what he’s doing.  Most of us have a healthy concern for messing with things we don’t understand: we don’t pull our carburetor apart, we don’t try our hand at surgery, and we don’t try to fix the sink – in each case we call the professional.  But even some of these professionals aren’t necessarily experts in their field, they’re simply people who lack this idea of only doing things we know how to do.  This is why you find cab drivers from God-knows-where, who barely speak English and know the roads less than you do, who somehow decided that this was an appropriate job and simply had the shameless moxie to get behind the wheel of a cab and go at it.  There are clueless mechanics who are the same (and are also often from the Middle East).  And unfortunately there are lawyers who fit this description.  Usually, but not always, their disheveled appearance is a warning that they are as careless and sloppy as lawyers as they are when it comes to dressing themselves before going out in public – and into a courtroom.

 CSA/General Lee.  This type is probably less common in New York and L.A. than he is in Virginia and other southern states.  He affects either seersucker suits, bow ties, or string ties and cowboy boots.  He may have a beard/goatee and try to emulate Nathaniel Bedford Forrest (the KKK founder and namesake of Forrest Gump) – had Forrest himself been a lawyer and not a Confederate cavalry general.  His office motif is Civil War prints.  I’ve also noticed that 2/3 of “Civil War” buffs tend to be of the Confederate persuasion.  Given that, even in Virginia, blacks are well represented not only among the bar, but also on the bench, the CSA theme is not particularly calculated to win the hearts and minds of these other lawyers and judges.

 L.A. Law.  I haven’t practiced law in L.A., so I can’t say for certain how lawyers there dress, aside from having watched that show.  Every now and then you see lawyers here who affect the egregiously expensive suits and GQ style.  They’re thin on the ground, mostly because there is a perception here in Virginia that both the judges and the juries are turned off by ostentatious displays of wealth by attorneys and that any such appearance will doom the client’s case: plaintiffs with such attorneys will be deemed “already have more than enough, if he can afford Mr. Cochran here,” and defendants will be deemed to have “deep pockets” and subject to a higher plaintiff’s award than if they simply had a less fancy attorney. 

 Female Lawyers.  Funny, I could have sworn that half the students at George Mason law school when I went back in ’90-93 were female, yet when I go to court it seems that only 25-33% of the attorneys are female.  That number only jumps to 50% if we’re talking about domestic or juvenile cases – though I’ve seen wives represented by male attorneys opposed by their husbands with female attorneys, so the sex of the client has no bearing on the sex of the lawyer representing him/her.

 Since we have no reason to believe that female attorneys have substantially less inclination than their non-lawyer sisters to marry and have families, and the stay-at-home parent is usually (though not always) the mother, a likely explanation for the under-representation of female lawyers among the active trial bar is this very phenomenon.  I know at least two of my GMUSL alumni who stopped practicing law in order to stay at home with the kids, so it’s probably more common than I see. 

 I have found, though, that female attorneys tend to be well-dressed and are never slobs – nor do any of them affect the Scarlett O’Hara look (no CSA equivalent for women).  They can probably get away with overdressing – unlike the male “L.A.” type attorneys mentioned above – as we naturally expect women to pay more attention to fashion and appearance, so it doesn’t count against them the way it would for male attorneys.  For the most part they’re just as competent and skillful as male attorneys.  I haven’t met any who appear to be intimidated by the environment, and I have found a few who are even more arrogant and aggressive than most male attorneys, myself included.

 Judges.  Justice-o-Tron 2000.  Fortunately this type of judge is rare: the one who believes that a rigid adherence to legal principles, beyond all compassion and logic, is the most important standard a judge can have.  I can’t recall encountering any judge who appeared to not take the job seriously, although some judges are more laid back and casual than others – Maryland judges seem to be far more casual than Virginia judges, and Federal judges tend to be more serious than state judges.   Generally, the lower court traffic docket, where most of the defendants are pro se (not represented by attorneys) tend to be the most casual – guilty, minimum sentence, move on – NEXT!  Again, I find that most judges are capable of “seeing the forest for the trees” and recognizing the spirit, rather than simply the letter of the law, and acting accordingly.  I can’t say I always agree with their decisions, but I can respect their reasoning.

 Hurry Up And Wait.  One thing you’ll never see in “Boston Legal”, “L.A. Law”, or any other lawyer show or movie is what 80% of lawyering seems to be: waiting.  Even more so than legal research – which I do for briefs and the rare appeal – waiting is that unglamorous, boring, but ubiquitous part of being a lawyer.  You hurry up to make it to court on time, only to wait while the docket is called – because if your case is first, damn well that will be the day you get there late.  You wait for your client to be processed into the jail so you can see him – or to be processed out when you get him released.  You wait for the prosecutor to talk to the cop, then wait to talk to the prosecutor, to plead bargain on a traffic or criminal case.  You wait for the judge’s law clerks to approve your divorce decrees, and for judges to sign them in publication cases.  Immigration cases are the worst, with such a huge backlog the INS has a bulletin which tells you how far behind they are.

 Paper pushing.  Real estate lawyers, who do closings and settlements, practically never see a courtroom.  Government attorneys are more likely to draft memos and advise bureaucrats than spend time in court.  Junior associates at major law firms are more likely to be stuffed in law libraries than off to court – except for status hearings and collections return dates, the most basic, routine, and uncontested matters.  Even personal injury lawyers, who are supposedly the most visible of trial lawyers – and I should know, because I am one – spend far more time settling cases on the phone with insurance companies, without ever leaving the office, than in court.  And many court appearances are routine: return dates on Warrants in Debt, scheduling conferences, Master Calendar hearings for immigration attorneys, term dates, etc. where all you’re really doing is setting a trial date or informing the court of the current status of a case.  Hardly anything dramatic or exciting which would lend itself to TV or movies.

 Even trials can be quite dull.  We have to put on evidence, certify exhibits and witnesses, make arcane and obtuse objections on minor points of law, and methodically extract testimony from various witnesses which may be dull and repetitive – but necessary.  As dull as it gets sometimes, you have to stay awake and alert, object when necessary, take notes for cross examination or to rehabilitate your own witnesses on redirect, and know when to shut up, because asking the wrong question can sometimes be more harmful than simply saying nothing at all.  On the other hand, witnesses can be difficult, forgetful, argumentative, evasive, arrogant, sarcastic, emotional, long-winded, angry, burst out in tears, contradict earlier testimony, blurt out amazingly harmful, surprising, or idiotic statements, shoot themselves in the foot, or come up with something brilliant on their own.  You never know what’s going to happen. 

 On the other hand, it always feels good to win a case, even if all you did is what I call “judicial discretion management” – avoiding mistakes and guiding the judge to a favorable decision.  Of course the jackpot is winning a case which was almost unwinnable, but that is rare.  Usually you win the cases you should win, lose the cases where you really didn’t have a chance, and break even. 

Exercise

Exercise.  I started exercising in high school and have been doing so ever since.  The form has varied over the years, and I’ve tweaked it from time to time.

 High School.  I went to the American School of Paris from from 1982-86.  I played rugby, which was our school’s equivalent of football.  And for all but senior year I had to take P.E. (Physical Education).  Somehow, I have no idea how, I managed to survive the school-wide cross-country marathon.  I preferred soccer, but played whatever sports were inflicted upon us in gym class, with rugby being the only official team sport I was involved with.  I really hated running or jogging.

            This was also the time I started some form of strength training.  The US Embassy in Paris had a small gym in the basement, near the printing shop.  I figured out some sort of routine and kept to it when I was working various summer jobs, but I don’t recall ever going to the Embassy expressly to use the gym.

 College.  My buddy Jean (John) was working for IBM on a summer job, and they had a gym there.   His trainer gave him a workout routine which he passed along to me.  I used that as a framework.  University of Maryland, College Park, had various gym facilities, the largest of which was the North Gym (which I called the Norse Gym).  I recall going there with my suitemate Chris a few times.

            I also started jogging.  I’d jog 10 laps around the concourse of the Cole Field House, where the Terps basketball team plays.  It’s roughly a quarter mile around, for a mile for 4 laps, I started out doing 4 laps, then up to 5, then two sets of 5 laps with a cooldown walking lap in between.

            Unfortunately, college was also a time at which I paid zero attention to nutrition and ate whatever I wanted.  Roy Rogers, McDonald’s, and lots of Domino’s Pizza, plus a constant supply of beer.  I look at pictures of myself from college and cringe at how fat I look.

 Post-College.  As soon as I graduated from college, and started going to law school (fall ’90 to spring ’93) I moved to Virginia and lived at a co-op complex in Rosslyn, River Place.  It had an “entertainment” center complex with broken-down hot tubs, ping pong table, sauna, and a gym.  There were two (2!) treadmills, of which one was almost always broken, meaning we had to sign up on a sheet to use the one remaining functioning treadmill.  Sometimes I’d get fed up and jog down by Key Bridge and along the GW Parkway, but when it snowed or was icy, that was OUT, so I couldn’t do that consistently.   As for the weight machines, at any given point about 1/3 of them were broken, and it took them forever to fix anything.  Since we had to pay for the gym with our condo fees, I get the impression that the gym management assumed it had no competition and little incentive to do anything right.  

            My parents lived in Gaithersburg, in Montgomery Village near Lake Whetstone.  Sometimes I would go there and jog from the house to the entrance of the subdivision and back, or – more scenically – simply jog around the lake.  This is certainly more interesting than a treadmill.

 Gold’s.  In fall 1999 I started dating Leila, who was a member of Gold’s.  I was also fed up with the River Place gym and decided to join.  The Rosslyn branch was 3 blocks away from where I lived.  They had 20 something treadmills and I never had to wait.  The exercise equipment was state of the art and almost never broken.  Morover, I could use any Gold’s, and was no longer limited to simply one gym location.  Leila lived in Fairlington Village, so we’d both go to the Bailey’s Crossroads Gold’s, which is now my main branch.

 Diet and Supplements.  Sometime after law school (’90-93) I finally decided to start eating right.  Unfortunately I found that dieting – usually during Lent – really didn’t have much of an impact.  I started taking Chroma-Slim, which worked fantastically – at first.  I went from 195 down to 160 over a course of two months.  Eventually, however, the supplement stopped working, and I went back up in weight.  I found ephedra-based supplements, such as Stacker, were effective, but they also made me very nervous, irritable, overly emotional, and it felt like my heart was going to explode.  Not good.  They eventually took the ephedra out, but none of the natural replacements have been effective.  As of this date, I know of no supplement which works, and that includes Ripped Fuel, Hydroxycut, Xenadrine, or any of the others at GNC.

            As for “diet”, that usually consists of abstaining from fast food (McDonald’s, pizza, Chipotle, etc.), beer, non-diet soft drinks, etc. and focusing on salads, cold cuts, etc.  I’ve started eating low-gluten pasta and low-sodium pasta sauce, replacing sodas with green tea, and eliminating sugar from the diet.  I can’t survive without some form of enjoyable food, but I scale it back in direct proportion to its toxicity: pizza once a week, at most, and Cinnabons once a year.  Quite apart from Lent, I dramatically scaled back my beer/cider consumption in 2009.  We’ll see how that works.

 Back Pain.  From ’96 to ’99 (I can’t remember the exact years) I took aikido classes, eventually earning a black belt.  Before every class we would stretch.  When I joined Gold’s in fall ‘99, I gave up the aikido classes – and gave up stretching.  In 1999 and 2000 I started having nasty back pain.  Eventually I went to a chiropractor (after I was working as a personal injury attorney) and he figured the back pain was probably because I wasn’t stretching before workouts.  I don’t know for certain, but I do know this: after I started stretching, I haven’t had back pain since. 

            By the way, the chiropractor was 100x better at fixing the back pain than the doctor.  The doctor simply diagnosed, “muscle spasm”, and prescribed Darvocet (pain-killer – almost completely ineffective except to take some edge off), Naproxen (anti-inflammatory), Flexeril (muscle relaxant), and Valium.  Of these, only Valium was any use – it removes 100% of your worries without making you loopy, i.e. you have 100% of your mental faculties intact.  This is why it is so addictive and popular.  The other three medications imply induce a “space cadet glow” without doing anything to get rid of the pain.  You simply no longer care.  The chiropractor cannot prescribe drugs – all he can do is various muscle stimulations and spine adjustments, but these are incredible; I sit up from the table with NO pain, and can think straight.  He gets my vote.

 Weightlifting.  I’m lifting far more now than I did when I was in college.  I’m usually focusing on the pectorals, deltoids, triceps and biceps.  I don’t do any workout, e.g. barbells, which require any partner to spot for me.  I haven’t had a workout partner since my law school buddy Bloss, who also lived at River Place.  Back at River Place my bench press with dumbbells was 50 lb., by now it’s up to 85 lb.  Other exercises have either been added or increased substantially in weight. 

 Abs.  I’ve added this in a few years ago, though omitting beer from the diet is probably far more effective than any ab exercise.  Imagine an "Abs of Steel" video where the instructor appears briefly, looks at the audience, tells them, "STOP DRINKING BEER!" and then leaves abruptly - thats it! A 5 second workout!  The secret to "six pack abs" is - no more six packs!

 Treadmill.  This is the main deal, 30 minutes on this horrible machine, at somewhere between 6.0 and 7.0 mph, depending on what shape I’m in.  More than anything else, this extended workout really breaks out a sweat.  Sometimes my kidneys hurt, sometimes my legs, but whatever it is, I just keep on going.

 Frequency.  I used to go 3 times a week – Monday, Wednesday, Friday, doing the full workout.  Then I staggered it to treadmill one day, strength the next, followed by a day off, repeat again.  Then I went back to the full workout each time, but every 3 days, but this didnt make much of a difference, so I had to increase it up to 3 times a week, which is now beginning to show more promise.  Even when I was unemployed, I was never going every day.  First off I wanted to give my body time off to recuperate.  Second, I didn’t want to “live” at the gym or become overdeveloped.  But third, I didn’t expect to be unemployed indefinitely, so I wasn’t going to establish a routine I couldn’t continue when I got a job. 

 Gold’s in Rio.  Yes, there is one – but it’s not part of the chain.  The owner started the gym in Copacabana (there is only one location) some time in the 70s, stealing the name.  The real Gold’s had no interest in expanding to Brazil and expressed no concern over this.  It is NOT air conditioned, which is a major issue in December and January (summer there).  I’ve noticed that Rio has two tiers of “academias” (athletic clubs) – the lower tier like Gold’s, sweaty (windows open, no A/C), grimy, antiquated machines and 20 year old treadmills (but they do work!) and an upper tier more like the Gold’s in the US, air-conditioned with aerobics classes, etc.  Brazilian women pay attention to their bodies, especially in Rio de Janeiro, where the beaches and bikinis are a major attraction.  Though I did see a fair amount of women who do not meet the standard, the standard IS very high, and the city does live up to its reputation.  The most tangible results can be seen during Carnival, when the dancers parade down the Sambodromo in almost nothing. 

 Results.  I’m still accused of having a gut, by some women.  Others focus on my derriere, with much appreciation.  I don’t know anyone who can’t tell that I exercise.  I will never be skinny, no matter how I try.  The best I can do is try to amplify my muscles and minimize my flab.  Inevitably there will be some difference of opinion as to how effective that is. 

Bond...James Bond

I recently read the original novels by Ian Fleming.  With the exception of Dr. No, which I read out of order, I tackled them in the order they were written, instead of the order in which the movies were made.  While I enjoy the movies, I found the books to be immensely more informative.  Any well-written novel delves into a character’s subjective thoughts, feelings and impressions, explaining why he does what he does, instead of simply coldly demonstrating his actions on film.  Given that I’ve seen every Bond movie, and most of them in the movie theater – including the older Connery films which I saw in Paris on the Champs Elysees – I suppose it’s odd that it took me so long to read these books.

 To review every book and movie would be prohibitive here.  I’ll focus on trends I’ve noticed in the books, and give brief bits on the books in the order they were released.  Unlike the movies, which were released in a completely different order and have no continuity, the books follow each other.  In some cases, such as From Russia With Love>>Dr No, the story ends abruptly and is “epilogued” at the beginning of the next one.  The plots of the books are considerably more straightforward and far less byzantine than the movies.  Unless noted otherwise, references are to the books and not the movies.

 Bond…

…smokes.  He has a Turkish blend made special order.  Although “reefer” is mentioned occasionally (e.g. Live And Let Die) he doesn’t toke.

…carries a .25 Beretta automatic, until Dr. No, when the armourer recommends – and M orders – that he carry the .380 Walther PPK.  But sometimes he carries a .45 revolver when some extra firepower is called for.

…takes cold showers.  Some kind of manly thing.

…doesn’t necessarily drink his custom “vodka martini, shaken, not stirred.”  He loves wines, champagnes (Don Perignon and Taittinger), and various liquors.  Occasionally he’ll have a beer, though this is very rare.  He does drink his ass off fairly often and suffers hangovers.

…doesn’t like Paris.

...falls in love with women fairly easily.  This is actually not really promiscuity, as he actually develops sincere feelings for the girl. 

...frequently gets nervous and doubts his own abilities, but somehow manages to keep his wits and figure a way out.

 M.  He’s the head of the Secret Service, a former admiral in the Royal Navy.  Generally he refers to Bond as “007”, but when the matter is private or personal, he’ll refer to him as “James”.  In the more recent movies they made M into a woman, played by Judi Dench.

 Q.  Frequently played by Desmond Llewellyn, more recently by John Cleese.  I haven’t noticed Q showing up in the novels, which have very little of this business of “secret gadgets”. 

 Moneypenny.  M’s secretary.  Bond himself has secretaries, Loelia Ponsonby at first (very cool, professional relationship), later Mary Goodnight (considerably warmer relationship!), who never show up in the movies.  In the movies she’s portrayed as a spinster who lusts – unsuccessfully – after Bond.  The books explain that the various female staff members at the Secret Service are for all practical purposes “married to the Service” as intermarriage is against policy (see below).

 Cover.  CIA personnel typically claim to be “State Dept.” as a cover.  For Bond, the cover within the British world is “Ministry of Defense”, and to outsiders as “Universal Export”.

 Felix Leiter.  Bond’s American CIA counterpart, a white guy from Texas – though in these PC days, they’ve now made him black.  Leiter varies in importance from book to book.  Sometimes he’s simply “the Cavalry” saving Bond’s ass at the very last moment – e.g. Goldfinger – whereas in Live and Let Die, Diamonds Are Forever, and Thunderball, he has a more substantial role, more like a partner.

 Americans.  Bond generally has a favorable attitude towards Americans, especially Leiter.  But two groups of Americans he despises: gangsters, who he looks down on as being unprofessional and ostentatious, and greedy, nouveau riche bastards who think they can buy their way into anything; recall that SNL skit with Dana Carvey as Ross Perot, in which he pays total strangers obscene amounts of money simply to humiliate themselves, expressly to flaunt his financial omnipotence.  The Secret Service tends to get along with the CIA in the books, but occasionally he’ll run up against Americans who are arrogant bastards who consider the English to be provincial losers, and clearly he has a problem with these jerks.

 Gambling.  He loves to gamble, but not merely baccarat (which features in Casino Royale) but also roulette, poker, and even bridge.  In Moonraker, Bond is familiar with various cheating methods and is enlisted by M to help catch Drax cheating at bridge.

 Women.  Of course he loves women, but his aversion to “settling down” is not due to any militant promiscuity on his part, so much as a realistic appraisal that marriage simply isn’t compatible with his line of work.  His wife, should he marry, would be an obvious target for hostile powers, and could be kidnapped and used against him – to marry would mean he’d have to resign (and possibly be assigned to a small village with bouncing balloons).  In fact, in Casino Royale (both the book and movie), he proposes exactly that so he can marry Vesper Lynd, though this takes a tragic turn.  Likewise, in the film Her Majesty’s Secret Service, he marries, but his wife dies soon thereafter.  Occasionally he doesn’t get the girl.  He does tend to fall in love easily, but for some reason even the women he genuinely likes and “hooks up with” end up out of the picture by the next adventure.

 Cars.  He tends to look down on American cars, even Leiter’s Studillac (Studebaker with Cadillac V8, considerably more powerful and the “hot rod” of the early 50s).  Although he does get an Aston-Martin, his own car is a Bentley Continental, and the modifications are purely performance mods, not smokescreens, oil slicks, ejector seats, spikes, rockets, or machine guns.

 Villains.  The villains in these stories are frequently eccentric egomaniacs, often German or of German descent.  Dr No was half Chinese, half German, for example.  They think big, and are frequently delighted that someone of Bond’s caliber was dispatched to foil their plans – a “worthy adversary!”  Blofeld is the arch-fiend in no less than three: Thunderball, On Her Majesty’s Secret Service, and You Only Live Twice, but is absent from Diamonds Are Forever, unlike the movie.  Oddly, the Russians are rarely the villains, the most notable example being From Russia With Love.  In Casino Royale, SMERSH has a very intriguing role.

 Movie Actors.

Sean Connery.   The first, and in many ways the best.  I’m by no means alone in considering Connery to have essentially created the character on screen.  He brought the right mix of muscle and class.

            Dr No (1962), From Russia With Love (1963), Goldfinger (1964), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967), Diamonds Are Forever (1971).

 George Lazenby.  Not bad, but he looks like an overgrown Ken doll.  It just didn’t work.

            On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (1969)

 Roger Moore.     The third, and after Connery, most substantial.  I always thought Moore was a bit of a pretty boy, sort of a fashion model, not as rugged or physical as Connery.  He always seemed to be in a suit and tie which made him look out of place, overdressed for the occasion. 

            Live And Let Die (1973), The Man With the Golden Gun (1974), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Moonraker (1979), For Your Eyes Only (1981), Octopussy (1983), A View To A Kill (1985)

 Timothy Dalton.  Dalton marked a return to the “beat the crap out of you” physical Bond which Connery epitomized.  I especially liked him in “License to Kill.”

            The Living Daylights (1987), License to Kill (1989)

 Pierce Brosnan. Back to style over brute force, Brosnan was clearly emulating Moore rather than Connery.  He's also bringing in his Remington Steele character somewhat.

            Goldeneye (1995), Tomorrow Never Dies (1997), The World Is Not Enough (1999), Die Another Day (2002)

 Daniel Craig.      Now the pendulum swings back again – Craig is very physical and seems to get beaten up fairly often (as Bond himself was in the books).  Craig is also by far the quietest and understated Bond so far, very similar to Bruce Willis’ various characters, particularly in “Twelve Monkeys”. 

            Casino Royale (2006), A Quantum of Solace (2008).

 Austin Powers.  These are Mike Myers’ obvious parodies of the genre.  His Doctor Evil is clearly based on the Blofeld of “You Only Live Twice” (movie).  While I find them amusing, the sexual innuendo jokes get overdone after awhile.  Like “Love Guru”, Myers likes to laugh at his own jokes a bit too much.

 Novels.

Casino Royale.  Channel coast of France, not Montenegro.  Bond hopes to complicate Le Chiffre’s plans to win big at baccarat to pay back his SMERSH superiors, assisted by Mathis (Deuxieme Bureau), Felix Leiter (CIA) and Vesper Lynd, who he falls in love with - tragically.

 Live And Let Die.  Bond starts off in Harlem with Felix (who serves as a guide to contemporary black culture in the US), then to St Petersburg, Florida, and finally winds up in Jamaica, chasing Mr. Big, who is smuggling Captain Morgan’s treasure from Jamaica to the US.

 Moonraker.  After determining that Hugo Drax does indeed cheat at bridge, Bond infiltrates his operation in southeast England (no sign of Rio de Janeiro!) to find out what’s really behind the rocket program of this eccentric and arrogant billionaire.

 Diamonds Are Forever. Bond chases down American mobsters (no sign of Blofeld) at Saratoga Springs, NY, and Las Vegas, assisted by the delicious yet cynical Tiffany Case and the ever-helpful Felix Leiter – and pursued by two gay hitmen, Mr Wint and Mr. Kidd.

 From Russia With Love. SMERSH, upset at having been humiliated by the US and UK, decides to strike back by luring the West’s top spy, James Bond, to Istanbul with the bait of Tatiana Romanova and a code machine.  Knowing this is probably a trap, but going anyway, Bond indeed hooks up with the Russian girl – only to be tracked down by SMERSH’s top assassin, a Brit (played in the movie by Robert Shaw).  This is one of the novels most faithfully done by the movie.  The book ends abruptly...

 Dr. No. ...and is wrapped up here.  Very much a sequel to Live And Let Die (why was it made long before?) this takes place in Jamaica yet again.  Bond determines that the evil Dr. No (no mention of SPECTRE) is up to more than simply harvesting guano [large explanation of all that!] on his dozy island, Crab Key.  Accompanied by Quarrel (who we met in Live And Let Die) – with Felix Leiter MIA here – and Honeychile Rider (wearing far less, yet far more innocent than Ursula Andress portrayed her to be) he gets to the bottom of it all, and takes care of business.

 Goldfinger. Yet another film which was remarkably faithful to the book.  Bond meets – and thwarts – Auric Goldfinger in Miami, then beats him at golf in England.  He then trails him to Switzerland, where he discovers Goldfinger’s secret, is captured, and forced to assist Goldfinger in his plot to rob Fort Knox of all its gold.  There is also a major partnership with the top American gangs, including one gang of women led by Pussy Galore.   Felix Leiter comes to the rescue at the last minute, and Goldfinger is defeated.

 For Your Eyes Only, A View To A Kill, A Quantum of Solace, Risico, and The Hildebrand Rarity.  All short stories.  None of the three whose names were used for movies have anything to do with the movies.  A Quantum of Solace is by far the best, an excellent story.  Bond is involved in each of them, none of which would have been long enough to truly support an entire movie.

 Thunderball. We’re introduced to SPECTRE (Special Executive Committee for Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion), a freelance private terror organization selling its services to the highest bidder, and its leader, Ernst Stavro Blofeld.  SPECTRE manages to hijack an RAF jet carrying two nuclear bombs, courtesy of his #2, Emile Largo.  Most of the story takes place in Nassau, Bahamas.  Felix Leiter yet again has a major role.

 The Spy Who Loved Me.  Written in the first person from the point of view of a girl, Vivienne Michel, from Canada who ends up in a motel near Glens Falls, New York, and is terrorized by two mob gunmen...until Bond shows up and rescues her.

 On Her Majesty’s Secret Service. The plot left from Thunderball is picked up again.  Blofeld is now in Switzerland, up to no good, and it’s up to Bond to infiltrate the operation, escape, and come back with the Corsican mob to defeat the resurrected SPECTRE.  Oh, and he gets married at the end.

 You Only Live Twice. Distraught over the tragedy from the last story, Bond is a complete washout.  M, on advice of Sir James, the shrink to the Secret Service, sends him to Japan to persuade Tiger Tanaka, the Jap head of intelligence, to turn over what they know.  Tiger treats Bond to a crash course in Japanese culture – including geishas, sake, ninjitsu, and other idiosyncrasies - then sends Bond on an impossible mission: to take down a mysterious gaijin (foreigner) who has set up an evil Castle of Death.  The gaijin turns out to be... BLOFELD!

 The Man With The Golden Gun.  Ok, this has the most remarkable transition from one book to the next – it has to be read to be believed, though highly entertaining if bizarre and implausible.  Bond redeems himself by chasing after the world’s top assassin, Francisco Scaramanga, aka “the Man With The Golden Gun”.  This ends the series.

Faith No More - Easy Live on the Tonight Show

(with Jay Leno). Much better than the video, which features a parade of drag queens. It looks like Jim Martin has EMG pickups in his Flying V.